2016年3月13日 星期日

104-2 Week 3: 牛津字典2015代表字

Oxford’s 2015 Word of the Year Is This Emoji

Oxford Dictionaries made history on Monday by announcing that their “Word of the Year” would not be one of those old-fashioned, string-of-letters-type words at all. The flag their editors are planting to sum up who we were in 2015 is this pictograph, an acknowledgement of just how popular these pictures have become in our (digital) daily lives:
face-with-tears-of-joy (1)
“Although emoji have been a staple of texting teens for some time, emoji culture exploded into the global mainstream over the past year,” the company’s team wrote in a press release. “Emoji have come to embody a core aspect of living in a digital world that is visually driven, emotionally expressive, and obsessively immediate.”
Oxford University Press—which publishes both the august Oxford English Dictionary and the lower-brow, more-modern Oxford Dictionaries Online—partnered with keyboard-app company SwiftKey to determine which emoji was getting the most play this past year. According to their data, the “Face With Tears of Joy” emoji, also known as LOL Emoji or Laughing Emoji, comprised nearly 20% of all emoji use in the U.S. and the U.K., where Oxford is based. The runner-up in the U.S., with 9% of usage, was this number:
face-throwing-a-kiss
Caspar Grathwohl, the president of Oxford Dictionaries, explained that their choice reflects the walls-down world that we live in. “Emoji are becoming an increasingly rich form of communication, one that transcends linguistic borders,” he said in a statement. And their choice for the word of the year, he added, embodies the “playfulness and intimacy” that characterizes emoji-using culture.
Though this marks a historic moment of recognition for the pictures plastered throughout tweets and texts, Oxford has not added or defined any emoji in their actual databases. Nor, says a spokesperson for the publisher, do they have plans to do so at this point. The word emoji, however, has been in both the OED and Oxford Dictionaries Online since 2013.
Japanese telecommunications planner Shigetaka Kurita is credited with inventing these little images in 1999, taking the emoticons that had been gaining steam on the Internet to an iconic level. Inspired by comics and street signs, the name for the alphanumeric images comes from combining the Japanese words for picture (e-) and character (moji). “It’s easy to write them off as just silly little smiley faces or thumbs-up,” sociolinguist Ben Zimmer told TIME for a story on how emoji fit into humans’ long history of using pictures to communicate. “But there’s an awful lot of people who are very interested in treating them seriously.”
Structure of the lead:
WHO- Not given
WHERE- Not given
WHEN- Nov. 16, 2015
WHAT- “Face With Tears of Joy” emoji,
HOW- A historic moment of recognition for little images that have been gaining popularity since 1999
WHY- People use Emoji to express themselves more than before

Vocabulary:
1.          Emoji: 表情符號
2.          String:字串
3.          Staple:主要的
4.          Mainstream:主流
5.          Embody:具體表達
6.          Aspect:外觀
7.          Linguistic:語言的
8.          Intimacy:親暱
9.          Emoticon:情緒
10.        Iconic:圖像的



104-2 Week 2: 深圳廢土場崩塌

Shenzhen landslide disaster: 11 arrests for negligence
Shenzhen prosecutors, late on Thursday, said a dispatcher and supervisor of the landfill, the chief and deputy manager of a company in charge of it, and seven other people were arrested. They said they have been charged with negligently causing a serious accident. The landslide happened when a hill of construction waste collapsed, leaving 74 people either missing or dead. The formal arrests come three days after the police took what Chinese media called "coercive measures" against 12 people. It is thought the 11 arrested today were among those. Officials have described the 20 December disaster as man-made, raising the possibility of severe punishments for those they consider responsible. One official, whose job involved regulating construction sites, apparently jumped to his death a week after the landslide. It is not clear if he was being investigated for his role in it. Officials have appealed for police and the public to help them find other suspects apparently on the run.
Structure of the lead:
WHO- people have been arrested
WHERE- Shenzhen
WHEN- 1 January 2016
WHAT- not given
HOW- landslide disaster
WHY- Eleven people in China have been arrested for their alleged role in the Shenzhen landslide disaster.

Vocabulary:
Negligence: 玩忽職守
Dispatcher: 調度員
Supervisor: 監督者
Landfill:垃圾填埋場
Arrested:逮捕
Collapsed:倒塌
Coercive: 強制
Punishments:懲罰
Regulating:規定
Landslide:山崩



2016年3月10日 星期四

104-2 Week 1: 台中國家歌劇院


National Taichung Theater is located in Xitun District, Taochung. It is a very characteristic performance area. The theater is designed by Japanese architect Toyo Ito. Using the concept of the primitive caves and holes, Toyo Ito designed the world first and only Sound Cave Curved Wall for National Taichung Theater. There are no vertical and horizontal structures and it’s the world’s first curve surfaced hanging structure architect. Due to the complexity, it is known as the most difficult architect to complete. Five years and NT$ 4.36 billion, the theater finally open in November 23rd, 2014. The theater is organized into a large theater, medium theater and experimental stage, which hold up to more than 3000 guests.

During the urban renewal in Taichung, Taichung city government tried get the Guggenheim Museum to join the museum project in Taichung. Unfortunately due to the budget shortage, the project was canceled. After Architecture Design Competition for the later idea to build a national theater, Toyo Ito’s design was selected. But the difficulty of building this monster in reality caused investments backing out over and over. But after conquering the obstacles, they finally broke the ground in the end of 2009.


After 5 years and NT$ 4.36 billion devoted in, the theater finally completed and the process of building the hardest architect was documented by foreign press. The theater was designated as a national degree performance center and was nominated as one of the World’s New 9 Landmarks. The first opening show “Cat Man” is performed by Ming Hwa Yuan Arts & Cultural Group.


The theater structure high 37.7 meters, 2 underground levels and 6 floors above ground. It is built with steel and concrete with the concepts of the primitive state of human livings, caves and holes. The structure consists of 58 curved surfaces, very difficult to construct. It is referred as the hardest building to be constructed. Interior designed with a large theater (2014 guests), medium theater (800 guests), and experimental stage (200 guests). Not just the main building but the surroundings is designed to correspond with Sound Cave Curved Walls.

The acoustic engineering was carefully designed. In the large theater, guests will see the round curve on the ceiling; this will reflect the sounds perfectly in every angle to every seat. A cat walk is organized on the top for maintenance purposes. The view to the stage will not be blocked in anyway. Everything is designed to what a theater may need in the best way. The exterior shapes like a tea pot during the day with the extraordinary curves. When the night falls, lightings will put the theater under the spot light.

https://www.travelking.com.tw/eng/tourguide/scenery105140.html

Structure of the lead:
WHO: not given
WHEN: November 23rd, 2014
WHAT: Complex Structure
WHERE: National Taichung Theater
HOW: Opening and was nominated as one of the World’s New 9 Landmarks.
WHY: Extraordinary and complex


Vocabulary:
1.          primitive : 原始的
2.          vertical : 垂直的
3.          horizontal : 平行的
4.          complexity : 複雜
5.          shortage : 短缺
6.          obstacles : 障礙
7.          nominated : 提名
8.          Landmarks : 地標
9.          exterior : 外觀
10.      extraordinary : 非凡的


2016年1月2日 星期六

104-1 Week 6: 敘利亞難民

The photographer who broke the internet's heart
Those sharing it were moved by the fear in the child's eyes, as she seems to staring into the barrel of a gun. It wasn't a gun, of course, but a camera, and the moment was captured for all to see. But who took the picture and what is the story behind it? BBC Trending have tracked down the original photographer - Osman Sağırlı - and asked him how the image came to be.
It began to go viral(如病毒般的迅速傳播) Tuesday last week, when it was tweeted by Nadia Abu Shaban, a photojournalist based in Gaza. The image quickly spread across the social network. "I'm actually weeping(淚眼汪汪的)", "unbelievably sad", and "humanity failed", the comments read. The original post has been retweeted more than 11,000 times. On Friday the image was shared on Reddit, prompting(刺激) another outpouring(流露) of emotion. It's received more than 5,000 upvotes, and 1,600 comments.
Accusations that the photo was fake, or staged, soon followed on both networks. Many on Twitter asked who had taken the photo, and why it had been posted without credit. Abu Shaban confirmed she had not taken the photo herself, but could not explain who had. On Imgur, an image sharing website, one user traced the photograph back to a newspaper clipping(簡報), claiming it was real, but taken "around 2012", and that the child was actually a boy. The post also named a Turkish photojournalist, Osman Sağırlı, as the man who took the picture.
BBC Trending spoke to Sağırlı - now working in Tanzania - to confirm the origins of the picture. The child is in fact not a boy, but a four-year-old girl, Hudea. The image was taken at the Atmeh refugee camp in Syria, in December last year. She travelled to the camp - near the Turkish border - with her mother and two siblings. It is some 150 km from their home in Hama.
"I was using a telephoto lens(遠距攝影鏡頭), and she thought it was a weapon," says Sağırlı. "İ realized she was terrified after I took it, and looked at the picture, because she bit her lips and raised her hands. Normally kids run away, hide their faces or smile when they see a camera." He says he finds pictures of children in the camps particularly revealing. "You know there are displaced(流離失所) people in the camps. It makes more sense to see what they have suffered not through adults, but through children. It is the children who reflect the feelings with their innocence(天真無邪的)."
The image was first published in the Türkiye newspaper in January, where Sağırlı has worked for 25 years, covering war and natural disasters outside the country. It was widely shared by Turkish speaking social media users at the time. But it took a few months before it went viral in the English-speaking world, finding an audience in the West over the last week.


Structure of the lead:

WHO- A girl, photographer
WHEN- Around 2012
WHAT- Telephoto lens
WHERE- Syria
HOW-Everyone felt sad about it.
WHY- The photographer was using a telephoto lens and the child thought it was a weapon.

Vocabulary:

1.          Viral 如病毒般的迅速傳播
2.          Weeping 淚眼汪汪的
3.          Prompting 刺激
4.          Outpouring 流露
5.          Newspaper clipping 簡報
6.          Telephoto lens 遠距攝影鏡頭
7.          Displaced 流離失所
8.          Innocence 天真無邪的


2015年12月17日 星期四

104-1 Week 5: 火星發現液態水

Nasa briefing: 'Liquid water on Mars'


28 September 2015

Scientists think they can now tie dark streaks(條紋) seen on the surface(表面) of Mars to periodic flows of liquid water.
Data from a Nasa satellite(人工衛星) shows the features, which appear on slopes(斜坡), to be associated with salt deposits(鹽類沉積).
Crucially, such salts could alter(替換) the freezing(冷凍) and vaporization(蒸發) points of water in Mars's sparse air, keeping it in a fluid(流體) state long enough to move.
Michael Meyer, the lead scientist on Nasa's Mars exploration programmed, and Dr Jim Green, Nasa's planetary science director, made the announcement.
"Under certain circumstances(情況), liquid water has been found on Mars," Dr Green said.

Structure of the lead:
Who-Nasa
What-water
Where- Mars
When- September,2015
How-not given


Vocabulary:
1.     streaks條紋
2.     surface 表面
3.     satellite人工衛星
4.     slope 斜坡
5.     salt deposit 鹽類沉積
6.     alter 替換
7.     freezing 冷凍
8.     vaporization 蒸發
9.     fluid 流體

10.  circumstance 情況

2015年12月3日 星期四

104-1 Week 4: 登革熱

Tainan City Dengue Cases Top 20,000

Posted by Robert Herriman on October 17, 2015 // 1 Comment

With an additional 183 dengue(登革熱) fever cases report Friday in Taiwan’s southern city of Tainan, the dengue tally has topped the 20,000 mark putting the total at 20,172 as of Oct. 16.
Although Tainan City hit this unfortunate landmark, the good news is the cases appear to be tapering off(逐漸停止) somewhat. The 183 cases reported yesterday was 16 less than the previous Friday, health officials note.
A total of 367 new cases were reported countrywide(全國的) yesterday, bringing the total to 24,874.
While things appear a little better in Tainan, neighboring Kaohsiung City is seeing a small increase in cases compared to last week. The total in Kaohsiung now stands at 4,274.
According to the Taiwan CDC, 106 dengue-related fatalities(災禍) have been reported since the beginning of the outbreak in May.
Dengue fever is an infectious disease carried by mosquitoes and caused by any of four related dengue viruses. This disease was once called called “break-bone fever” because it sometimes causes severe(嚴重的) joint(關節) and muscle pain that feels like bones are breaking.
Dengue fever of multiple types is found in most countries of the tropics and subtropics particularly during and after rainy season.
There are four types of dengue virus: DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4.
People get the dengue virus from the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito. It is not contagious(傳染性的) from person to person.
There are three types of dengue fever in order of less severe to most: the typical uncomplicated(不複雜的) dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic(出血性的) fever (DHS) and dengue shock syndrome(併發症) (DSS).



Structure of the lead:
WHO- Tainan residenter
WHAT- Mosquitos
WHEN- October,2015
WHERE-Tainan,Kaohsiung
WHY-not given
HOW-Dengue broke out and lots of people suffered

Keywords:
1.   Dengue 登革熱
2.   Tapering off  逐漸停止
3.   Countrywide 全國的
4.   Fatalities 災禍
5.   Severe 嚴重的
6.   Joint 關節
7.   Contagious 傳染性的
8.   Uncomplicated 不複雜的
9.   Hemorrhagic 出血性的

10. Syndrome 併發症